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Como Investir: na Poupança? Ou outra coisa?!

Messias Farias Messias Farias 125 Comentários Leitura: 5 min
Como Investir: na Poupança? Ou outra coisa?!

Parabéns mais uma vez pois você conseguiu fazer seu planejamento para 2020, 2021, 2022… não é mesmo?

Ainda não? Por favor, não perca tempo. Quanto antes você concluir seu planejamento, mais rápido conseguirá ficar livre das dívidas e o melhor de tudo: SER RICO!

Vamos supor que você já conseguiu finalizar esta etapa, mas se ainda não o fez e tem um dinheiro sobrando, fica a dúvida: onde investir.

Como já dissemos em outros posts, a poupança não pode ser considerada exatamente como um investimento, mas é melhor deixar seu dinheiro lá do que na conta corrente.

Na conta corrente o banco utiliza seu dinheiro e não paga nada por isso, pelo contrário, é você quem paga através das taxas de manutenção da conta.

O que fazer então?

Tenho uma outra opção: o Tesouro Direto.

No Brasil ainda é pouco difundido sobre outras formas de aplicação financeira, senão a Poupança. Isto porque os maiores interessados são os bancos.

Mas vamos estudar mais um pouquinho sobre como investir.

Então qual a melhor opção: Tesouro Direto ou Poupança?

Comparação Poupança x Tesouro Direto

Como os brasileiros não estão acostumados a poupar. Mesmo os que poupam são bastante conservadores e preferem um investimento mais simples e com fácil liquidez (facilidade para retirar o dinheiro investido).

Bom, de modo geral os rendimentos da Poupança são muito baixos e geralmente o Tesouro Direto rende até o dobro da caderneta de Poupança.

Mas, para tirarmos todas as dúvidas na hora da aplicação dos seus recursos, o bom é fazer uma análise prévia para que você possa saber exatamente os rendimentos que cada um trará e compará-los.

Outra coisa que poucos sabem é que investir no Tesouro Direto é tão seguro quanto a Caderneta de Poupança e em muitos casos a liquidez é praticamente a mesma.

Agora vamos aprender um pouquinho mais sobre estas duas formas de “investimento”.

1. Poupança (ou Caderneta de Poupança)

Este é a forma de investimento mais tradicional e conhecido pelos brasileiros e surgiu no ano de 1861 ainda na época do imperador Dom Pedro II.

É um investimento muito conservador, pois além de ser muito seguro, também é possível fazer o saque do saldo de forma muito rápida.

Por este motivo sempre foi a aplicação financeira preferida, mas com a abertura do mercado internacional e melhoria na situação financeira dos brasileiros, surgiu a necessidade de buscar novas formas de guardar dinheiro.

Em termos gerais a Poupança exclusivamente a função de guardar o dinheiro para uso futuro e seu valor monetário é atualizado pela inflação, com algumas variáveis.

Mas para fazer o dinheiro render, de verdade, é preciso migrar para outras formas de investimento.

A forma de calcular o retorno da Poupança é feita assim:

  1. Quando a taxa básica de juros (Selic) estiver acima de 8,5% ao ano, o retorno é de 0,5% ao mês + Taxa Referencial (TR), que costuma ficar perto de zero.
  2. Se a Selic estiver abaixo ou igual a 8,5% ao ano, o rendimento é de apenas 70% dessa taxa + TR, o que costuma resultar menos que 0,5% ao mês.

A taxa Selic, que significa Sistema Especial de Liquidação e Custódia, é calculada pelo Banco Central e é oficialmente usada pelo governo.

Geralmente este rendimento, por ser muito baixo, não consegue superar nem mesmo a inflação acumulada no período. Com isso seu dinheiro acaba perdendo o valor, ao invés de se multiplicar.

Em 2018 a taxa de rendimento mensal da Poupança não superou os 0,40% chegando a aproximadamente 5% no ano, enquanto o Tesouro Direto o rendimento anual passou de 10%.

É uma boa diferença, não é mesmo?

2. Tesouro Direto

Tesouro Direto são títulos do Governo Federal que começaram a ser emitidos no ano de 2002 com o objetivo de arrecadar fundos para o próprio governo aplicar em seus projetos nacionais como por exemplo em infraestrutura.

O governo emite estes “papéis”, que se assemelha a um empréstimo que o governo faz de quem adquire o Tesouro Direto, mediante o pagamento de juros.

Estes títulos são garantidos pelo próprio Governo Federal, ou seja, quem os adquire tem a garantia de que receberá o valor investido já com os juros incluídos, quando os couber. 

Os Títulos Públicos são Garantidos pelo FGV

Por este motivo o Tesouro Direto é considerado tão seguro quanto a Caderneta de Poupança, mas com rendimento muito melhor.

Este tipo de investimento está se tornando muito popular entre os brasileiros e muitos já estão migrando da Poupança para o Tesouro Direto.

Com isto o governo tem conseguido arrecadar um bom valor para sanar um grande buraco no orçamento para dar andamento a grandes projetos, ou seja, é o próprio brasileiro “colaborando” com uma melhor arrecadação.

Existem muitos títulos que o governo emite que varia de acordo com muitas variáveis. Vamos conhecer os principais:

Tesouro Prefixado

O nome “prefixado” já nos dá a dica de como são calculados os rendimentos, ou seja, ao adquirir os títulos, você já saberá quando poderá render ano final do investimento. Em 2018 as taxas variavam em torno de 9 a 11%;

Tesouro IPCA+

Estes títulos têm seu rendimento baseado no Índice de Preços ao Consumidor Amplo, ou seja: a inflação. O sinal de + (mais) significa que os rendimentos serão a inflação mais o índice prefixado.

Por exemplo Tesouro IPCA+5 com a inflação a 4% aa, ficaria assim: 5 % prefixado + 4 % inflação = 9%. Simples não?

Tesouro Selic

O retorno do investimento nesta carteira do Tesouro Direto incide diretamente sobre a taxa Selic, que como vimos acima é atribuída pelo Banco Central e usada oficialmente pelo Governo Federal.

Normalmente esta carteira de investimento (Tesouro Selic) produz menor taxa de rentabilidade do que as outras, mas é difícil prever quais terão os melhores resultados.

Em 2018 a taxa Selic ficou em 6,24% enquanto o IPCA fechou o ano em 3,75% e a Poupança 4,62%. Se fossemos considerar as carteiras IPCA+5, Selic e a Poupança ficaria assim:

IPCA+5 – 3,75 + 5,00 = 8,75%

Selic = 6,24%

Poupança = 4,62%

Em tese, no ano de 2018 teria sido muito melhor investir no Tesouro Direto IPCA+ que obteve um rendimento muito superior às demais aplicações, mas ainda assim seria preciso analisarmos outra variáveis.

3. Outros tipos de investimentos

Claro, além destes tipos de investimentos existem muuuuuittos outros como por exemplo a Bolsa de Valores, Ações, Letras de Câmbio, Moedas, Criptomoedas, etc.

Vamos falar de outros tipos de investimentos no site, por isto nos acompanhe para ficar por dentro, pois o mercado está cada vez mais abrangente e as oportunidades são muitas.

Cada tipo de investimento tem suas peculiaridades: a curto, médio ou a longo prazo, valor mínimo para investimento, risco, prazos, etc.

Confuso? Difícil de decidir?

Não se preocupe, quando estamos começando a entender o mercado de investimentos, parece algo muito difícil mas com o tempo fica mais claro.

É por isso que estamos aqui!

Para te ensinar a ter uma excelente educação financeira e com o tempo fazer a melhor aplicação financeira e obter o melhor retorno financeiro.

Não enviamos spam. Seu e-mail está 100% seguro!

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Messias Farias
Messias Farias

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